Sand Clock and The Concept of Time in Einstein’s Theory of Relativity

The sand clock is a device used to measure time, consisting of two conical glass bulbs, which are connected vertically by a small opening neck. The top contains grains of fine dry sand. The upper part symbolizes the future,   sand passes through the neck (which indicates present) to the lower part which turned past. In 1907, German scientist Hermann Minkowski (1864-1909) interpreted the concept of the four-dimensional space-time of Einstein's theory in a two-dimensional cone diagram, in which the upper cone symbolizes the future, the neck the present and the lower part the past.  The researcher has noticed a great likeness, to the point of congruence between the shape and function of both, the sand clock and the diagram. This resemblance aroused speculations that Hermann Minkowski had been inspired by the sand hour in drawing his diagram. It cannot be attributed to a merely chance

Analisis Konstruksi Tes Terhadap Evaluasi Hasil Belajar

Analisis konstruksi tes adalah telaah terhadap seperangkat tes hasil belajar, apakah seperangkat tes hasil belajar tersebut layak sebagai tes yang baik dalam arti valid, reliable, objektif, dan praktis. Dengan demikian tes yang baik dapat mengukur hasil belajar siswa dengan tepat, mengoreksi kelemahan dan kekurangan yang dilakukan, meningkatkan efektivitas proses belajar-mengajar, menunjang kelancaran dan keberhasilan proses belajar-mengajar, serta dapat membantu tanggung jawab sekolah dalam memperlancar pelaksanaan kurikulum, membantu sekolah dalam meningkatkan mutu lulusan, meningkatkan kredibilitas sekolah dengan adanya guru yang memiliki keterampilan dalam menyusun soal

Kapabilitas Birokrasi Pemerintah Kota Pekanbaru dalam Mengawasi Izin Lingkungan Hotel Wisma dan Penginapan di Kota Pekanbaru Tahun 2013 (Studi Desentralisasi Politik, Administratif, dan Fiskal)

The construction of hotels in the city of Pekanbaru in the last two years rose sharply, even the city government has issued a permit as many as 15 licenses good for a budget class hotels and 5 star hotels (five). Many of the buildings that stood in the city of Pekanbaru (Hotel) largely devoid Waste Installation (IPAL) in accordance with the provisions of Law number 32 Year About the Environmental Protection and live Management .IPAL is a device engineering equipment and equipment that processes / process liquids the rest of the industrial production process, so that the liquid is discharged into lingkungan.IPAL worth it is very beneficial for humans and other living organisms, other natara: Processing of domestic or industrial waste water, so that the water can be used again according to the needs of each, so that waste water which will be piped to the river is not polluted, and that the biota-organisms in the river is not dead.This study aims to determine the expected results of this study could be a starting point to conduct a deeper study of the implementation of decentralization, especially the readiness of local government structures in an effort to further streamline the supervision and feed into the overall development policy making. This study used qualitative methods and types of data collection using document review, interviews and observation, while the data processing procedures and data analysis using descriptive qualitative.It can be concluded, the City of Pekanbaru basing policy monitoring environmental permit hotels, guesthouses and inns on the mechanism of legislation exist, capability or ability of the administration of the City of Pekanbaru in monitoring environmental permit hotels, guesthouses and inns are considered adequate, the capabilities of the budget / fiscal support the environmental permit oversight hotels, guesthouses and inns are adequate and likely to get attention for environmental issues are fundamental and targeted directly to the public.Keywords: Capability, Decentralization Political, Administrative and Fiscal

Voltammetric determination of melatonin in tablet dosage forms and human serum

The electrochemical oxidation of melatonin is studied in Britton-Robinson buffer in the pH range 2.2-11.8 by cyclic voltammetry at glassy carbon electrode. Three irreversible, diffusion-controlled oxidation peaks were obtained. The utility of using differential pulse and square wave techniques for determination of melatonin was examined. Different parameters affecting the peak current were analylzed and at optimum conditions, linear calibration plots from 0.02-0.5 mM and 0.04 to 0.5 mM of melatonin were obtained applying the two techniques, respectively. The differential pulse mode was successfully applied to the determination of melatonin in commercial tablets containing about three-folds of vitamin B6 without previous separation. The same technique was also used for melatonin determination in human serum with acceptable accuracy.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Voltammetric determination of melatonin in tablet dosage forms and human serum

The electrochemical oxidation of melatonin is studied in Britton-Robinson buffer in the pH range 2.2-11.8 by cyclic voltammetry at glassy carbon electrode. Three irreversible, diffusion-controlled oxidation peaks were obtained. The utility of using differential pulse and square wave techniques for determination of melatonin was examined. Different parameters affecting the peak current were analylzed and at optimum conditions, linear calibration plots from 0.02-0.5 mM and 0.04 to 0.5 mM of melatonin were obtained applying the two techniques, respectively. The differential pulse mode was successfully applied to the determination of melatonin in commercial tablets containing about three-folds of vitamin B6 without previous separation. The same technique was also used for melatonin determination in human serum with acceptable accuracy.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Kumukumu 1, a hilltop site in the Aird Hills: Implications for occupational trends and dynamics in the Kikori River delta, south coast of Papua New Guinea

We report on archaeological excavations undertaken at Kumukumu 1 atop the dense rainforest-clad Aird Hills of the Kikori river delta islands, south coast of Papua New Guinea. Results indicate exploitation of the nearby environment, including the gathering of some 200 million shellfish from riverine habitats at the base of the hill some 600 years ago, and deposition of shell remains onto hilltop middens. We ask what the implications of such a site in a defensive location on the upper, steep hillslope of Kumukumu hill are for regional occupation and dynamics. We conclude that the hinterland-marine fringe islands of the river deltas that include the site of Kumukumu 1 were especially sensitive to heightened cross-cultural influences and inter-group raids and competition, leading to accelerated processes of centralisation and aggrandisement among some groups, and the subjugation, fragmentation and dispersal of less powerful neighbouring groups